“Her family was protecting her,” Rebecca said.
“Her family was saving her life,” Dr. Mitchell replied, “and documenting it for history.”
With the medical mystery solved, Rebecca needed to understand the world Clara lived in and the specific danger she faced beyond the general brutality of Jim Crow segregation. Dr. Mitchell explained the medical challenges first. Albinism causes severe photosensitivity. Clara’s skin would have burned within minutes of direct sun exposure. In Georgia’s climate, without modern sunscreen or UV-protective clothing, she would have needed to remain indoors most of the time or cover herself completely when outside.
Her vision would also have been significantly impaired. She likely had nystagmus, severe nearsightedness, and extreme light sensitivity. In bright conditions, she might have been functionally blind. There were no treatments available in the 1890s, no corrective lenses that could adequately help, and no low-vision aids.
The social dangers were even more severe. Rebecca found newspaper archives from 1890s Atlanta filled with pseudoscientific racism, eugenics propaganda, and articles treating any physical difference in Black people as evidence of inferiority. The Atlanta Constitution regularly published pieces promoting white supremacy and describing Black Americans in dehumanizing terms.